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There has been a Marburg virus disease outbreak. The World Health Organization considers Marburg disease, also known as Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), to be fatal. That's because it has a case-fatality ratio of up to 88% and is responsible for a minimum of nine deaths in the tiny Western African country.
MVD, previously known as Marburg bloodstream infection, is a serious, often fatal, disease that affects humans, according to the WHO. Depending on the virus strain, as well as case management, case fatality rates ranges from 24-88%.
What exactly is Marburg disease, also known as Marburg virus disease or MVD?
According to the WHO, MVD is a highly contagious disease that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. It's a disease caused by the Marburg virus. The Filoviridae family includes both the Marburg and Ebola viruses (filovirus).
History/Origin
Marburg virus disease was first identified in 1967, following simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg, Frankfurt (Germany), and Belgrade (Serbia).
According to details, the disease was connected with laboratory work involving African green monkeys shipped from Uganda. It later spread to Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda.
How did Marburg virus disease outbreak spread?
The Marburg virus disease outbreak happened through direct contact with infected people's blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids, as well as surfaces and equipment polluted with these fluids.
Close contact with patients can result in infection transmission if infection control precautions aren't strictly followed. Injection equipment contamination or needle-stick injuries are linked to much more severe disease and steady decline, as well as, possibly, a greater fatality rate.
Moreover, burial ceremonies that involve close interaction with the deceased's body can spread through the Marburg virus disease outbreak.
Symptoms
a) Severe fever, severe headache, and malaise.
b) Aches and pains in the muscles.
c) Severe watery diarrhea (which can last a week), abdomen pain,cramping, nausea, and vomiting.
d) Deep-set eyes, dead-eyed faces, and severe lethargy followed.
e) Unexpected bleeding at cannulation sites.
f) Death, which usually occurs between 8 and 9 days after the onset of symptoms and is preceded by severe bleeding and shock.
Vaccines and treatments for Marburg virus disease outbreak
There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for MVD. Although the EMA granted Zabdeno (Ad26.ZEBOV) and Mvabea (MVA-BN-Filo) a marketing authorization against EVD in May 2020, their efficacy is yet to be proven in clinical trials.
