Can I use titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent?

Titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent has gained popularity recently. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) minerals are the main constituents of mineral sunscreens and are also known as inorganic sun blockers. Titanium dioxide is more effective in blocking UVB, while zinc oxide is more effective in blocking UVA. Most products usually contain a combination of both.

Micronized forms of the two compounds are used in sunscreen lotions. These two are also the only mineral-origin ingredients certified as GRASE (generally recognized as safe and effective) by the US FDA. In this article, we discuss the safety aspects of using titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent.

---

Uses of titanium dioxide in skincare

Sunscreens protect against UV rays. (Image via Unsplash/BATCH by Wisconsin Hemp Scientific)

Titanium is one of the most abundant metals found in the earth's crust. It usually reacts with oxygen to produce various oxides and is found in dust, sand and soils. Pure titanium dioxide is in fine, white powder form.

Titanium dioxide undergoes processing to give a bright, white-colored pigment, which is opaque. It has excellent light-scattering properties and is used in sunblocks. The particles of pigment-grade titanium dioxide have a size of 200 - 300nm.

Pigment-grade titanium dioxide is used as an active ingredient in sunblock lotion and reflects sun rays. It also aids in hiding skin blemishes. Titanium dioxide is also used as a skin-brightening product due to its white opacity.

Nano-sized or micronized titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent came into existence in the 1990s and has gained popularity. Due to its light-weight nature, it does not cause a white opaque layer. Micronized titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent absorbs UV rays instead of reflecting them.

---

Is titanium dioxide safe for skin application?

As mentioned above, the US FDA terms titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent as safe and effective when used as per instructions.

According to the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, nano-grade titanium dioxide is a non-sensitizer and a mild or non-irritant. However, it's a photo-reactive compound that undergoes a chemical reaction after absorbing sunlight. This reaction can produce free radicals, which can be harmful.

Usually, nano-particles can enter the skin and cause harm. Coating nanoparticles with alumina, silica, dimethicone and other compounds prevents that and protects the skin from oxidative damage. This coating process enhances the sun protection ability of sunscreens. Using titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent can be beneficial in protecting the skin from UV ray damage.

---

Does use of titanium dioxide for skin pose health risks?

Mineral sunscreens usually do not pose any health risks. (Image via Unsplash/Byeonghoon Jeon)

According to a 2010 IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) study, titanium dioxide was considered a carcinogen. However, in this study, harmful effects were noted for inhalation, and nano-particles of sunscreen usually do not cross the skin to reach deeper layers.

The SCCNFP approved a maximum concentration of TiO2 at 25% in the products in October 2000. The EU has also provided guidelines for the use of titanium dioxide in skincare products. Using titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent is relatively safe if you're using a certified product that follows all the guidelines.

---

Can I use titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent daily?

It's advisable to use sunscreen only when required. Excessive use of sunscreen can cause skin issues like pore blockage. Use only certified and third-party tested products. If you're suffering from any skin condition, consult a dermatologist before using titanium dioxide as a sunscreen agent in your skincare routine.

---

Indranil Biswas is a nutritionist and personal trainer with a diploma in dietetics and personal training with a specialization in sports nutrition and strength training.

---

What do you think of this story? Tell us in the comments section below.