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Sensory integration disorder, also known as sensory processing disorder (SPD), is a condition that affects the way a person processes sensory information from their environment.
This disorder can make it difficult for people to respond to sensory input in a typical way, which can have a significant impact on their daily life.
Understanding sensory integration disorder
Sensory integration disorder occurs when the brain has difficulty processing sensory information.
The brain receives input from the environment through the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. It then interprets this information and creates appropriate responses.
However, in people with SID, the brain may interpret sensory input as too intense, too weak or just plain confusing. That can lead to a range of symptoms and behaviors that can impact their daily life.
Causes
The exact causes are not fully understood. However, it's believed that genetics may play a role.
Research has shown that children with a family history of autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder are more likely to have it. Additionally, some experts believe that prenatal or birth complications, like prematurity or low birth weight, may also increase the risk of developing it.
Symptoms of sensory integration disorder
Sensory integration disorders can present differently in each individual, but some common symptoms include:
- Hypersensitivity: People with sensory integration disorder may be overly sensitive to certain stimuli, like loud noises, bright lights or certain textures. They may feel overwhelmed or anxious when exposed to these stimuli.
- Hyposensitivity: Some people with may be under-responsive to certain stimuli. They may seek out intense sensory experiences, like rough play or loud music, to feel a sense of stimulation.
- Motor difficulties: Sensory integration disorder can also affect motor skills. People may have difficulty with coordination, balance and fine motor skills, like writing or buttoning clothes.
- Behavioral issues: Children may exhibit challenging behaviors, like tantrums or aggression, in response to sensory input that they find overwhelming.
Treatment options
There are several treatment options available. The best treatment depends on the individual’s specific symptoms and needs.
Sensory integration therapy: This therapy involves exposing the person to different sensory experiences in a controlled environment. The goal is to help them learn to process sensory input in a more typical way.
Occupational therapy: Occupational therapists can work with individuals to improve their motor skills and coordination, which can help with everyday tasks like dressing and writing.
Behavioral therapy: This therapy can help individuals learn coping strategies for managing challenging behaviors that may be related.
Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage symptoms like anxiety or depression.
Sensory integration disorder can have a significant impact on an individual’s daily life.
It's important to seek a professional evaluation if you suspect that you or a loved one may have the disorder. A professional can help determine the best treatment options to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
While it can be challenging, with the right support and treatment, individuals can learn to manage their symptoms and thrive.
