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Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by excessive anxiety, fear and avoidance.
These individuals tend to be highly self-conscious and dependent on others for support, often seeking reassurance and validation from others. Cluster C is one of the three groups of personality disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), along with Cluster A (odd or eccentric disorders) and Cluster B (dramatic or erratic disorders).
Symptoms and types of cluster Cluster C personality disorders
There are three specific personality disorders in Cluster C:
Avoidant personality disorder
Individuals with AVPD have a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. They're extremely shy, avoid social situations and fear criticism or rejection. They often have few close relationships and feel lonely and isolated.
People with AVPD have a heightened sensitivity to rejection and criticism, which can make it difficult for them to establish and maintain relationships. They may also experience physical symptoms, like trembling, sweating or a rapid heart rate, when they're in social situations.
Dependent personality disorder
People diagnosed with dependent personality disorder exhibit a persistent and extreme desire to be looked after, resulting in submissive and overly dependent behavior. They often have difficulty making decisions on their own and rely on others for guidance and support. They may also have difficulty expressing their own opinions and preferences, as they're often afraid of upsetting others.
People with DPD may have difficulty functioning independently and may feel anxious or distressed when they're not in close proximity to their support system. They may also have a strong fear of abandonment and may go to great lengths to avoid being alone.
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
People with OCPD have a pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, orderliness and control. They're highly organized and detail-oriented but may have difficulty delegating tasks or working with others. They often have rigid beliefs and may have difficulty adapting to change.
People with OCPD may have difficulty relaxing and may feel anxious or irritable when they're unable to maintain control over their environment or when their routines are disrupted. They may also have difficulty prioritizing tasks, as they often feel that everything is equally important.
How these disorders are diagnosed?
The diagnosis of Cluster C personality disorders can often go unnoticed, as the affected individual may view their actions and thoughts as normal. It may take a concerned family member or friend to identify certain symptoms and encourage the affected individual to seek medical help.
Typically, the diagnostic process involves a physical examination, a psychiatric assessment and a review of the criteria for the disorder. During the physical exam, the doctor looks for any underlying health conditions that may be contributing to personality changes and ask for blood tests and drug/alcohol screening.
After reviewing the criteria outlined in the DSM-5 and conducting an interview with the patient, the doctor may refer them to a mental health specialist, like a psychiatrist or psychologist, who carries out further tests and eventually provide a diagnosis.
Treatment for Cluster C personality disorders
Treatment for Cluster C personality disorders may involve psychotherapy, medication or a combination of the two.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is often used to help individuals with Cluster C disorders learn to manage their anxiety and develop more adaptive coping strategies. In some cases, medication can be taken as prescribed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety or depression.
Family therapy and support groups can also be helpful for individuals with Cluster C personality disorders, as they may benefit from the support of others who understand their experiences.
It's important to seek professional help if you or someone you know is struggling with a personality disorder, as these disorders can have a significant impact on daily functioning and quality of life.
Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by excessive anxiety, fear and avoidance.
Individuals with these disorders may struggle to establish and maintain relationships, make decisions independently and adapt to change. Treatment may involve psychotherapy, medication or a combination of the two, as well as family therapy and support groups.
Seeking professional help is important for managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals with Cluster C personality disorder.
