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Swimmer's ear, also known as otitis externa, is a common condition that affects swimmers and those who participate in water activities.
This infection occurs in the outer ear canal, which runs from the eardrum to the outside of the head. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention of otitis externa.
Causes of swimmer's ear
Swimmer's ear is caused by the growth of bacteria or fungi in the moist environment of the ear canal.
When water enters the ear canal during swimming or other water activities, it can become trapped and create a moist environment that's conducive to bacterial or fungal growth.
Other factors that can contribute to development of swimmer's ear include:
- Excessive cleaning of the ear canal, which can remove the protective layer of wax that keeps bacteria and fungi at bay
- Allergies, which can cause inflammation and swelling in the ear canal
- Skin conditions, like eczema or psoriasis, which can create openings in the skin that allow bacteria or fungi to enter
Symptoms of swimmer's ear
The symptoms of swimmer's ear can range from mild to severe and can include:
- Itching in the ear canal
- Pain or discomfort in the ear, especially when the earlobe is pulled or when pressure is applied to the tragus (the small, pointed piece of cartilage in front of the ear canal)
- Redness and swelling in the ear canal
- Drainage from the ear, which may be clear, yellow or bloody
- Reduced hearing or a feeling of fullness in the ear
In severe cases, otitis externa can cause fever and swelling of the lymph nodes and may even spread to other parts of the body.
Treatment of swimmer's ear
If you suspect that you have otitis externa, it's important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
In most cases, otitis externa can be treated with prescription eardrops that contain antibiotics or antifungal medication. These drops are typically administered directly into the ear canal and are usually effective in clearing up the infection within a few days.
Apart from eardrops, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to help manage the pain associated with otitis externa. You may also be advised to avoid swimming or other water activities till the infection clears up.
Prevention of swimmer's ear
The best way to prevent otitis externa is to take steps to keep the ears dry and clean. Some tips for preventing otitis externa include:
- Use earplugs or swimming cap to keep water out of your ears.
- Dry your ears thoroughly after swimming or showering, using a soft towel or hair dryer set to the lowest heat setting.
- Avoid inserting objects, like cotton swabs or fingers, into your ear canal.
- Avoid swimming in water that may be contaminated with bacteria or other pathogens
- Avoid using ear candles or other home remedies to clean your ears, as these can be dangerous and can lead to further infections.
If you're prone to otitis externa, you may also want to consider using a preventive eardrop before swimming. These drops are formulated to create a barrier in the ear canal that helps prevent bacteria and fungi from growing.
When to see a doctor?
If you experience any symptoms of otitis externa, it's important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, you should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:
- Severe pain or discomfort in the ear
- Drainage from the ear that's thick, yellow or bloody
- Swelling or redness that spreads beyond the ear canal
- Hearing loss or ringing in the affected ear
- Fever or chills
These symptoms may indicate a more severe infection or a complication of otitis externa, like an abscess or cellulitis. Prompt treatment can help prevent further complications and ensure full recovery.
In some cases, a recurrent swimmer's ear may indicate an underlying condition, such as a skin condition or an anatomical abnormality in the ear canal. If you experience frequent episodes in a swimmer's ear, your doctor may recommend further testing or referral to a specialist.
Swimmer's ear is a common condition that affects many people who participate in water activities. The infection can be uncomfortable and even painful, but it's usually easily treated with prescription eardrops. By taking steps to keep the ears dry and clean, you can help prevent otitis externa and other ear infections.
If you experience any symptoms of otitis externa, make sure to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. With prompt and appropriate care, most people with otitis externa can make a full recovery and return to their normal activities.
